The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is a popular unsupervised neural network able to provide effective clustering and data visualization for data represented in multidimensional input spaces. In this paper, we describe Fast Learning SOM (FLSOM) which adopts a learning algorithm that improves the performance of the standard SOM with respect to the convergence time in the training phase. We show that FLSOM also improves the quality of the map by providing better clustering quality and topology preservation of multidimensional input data. Several tests have been carried out on different multidimensional datasets, which demonstrate better performances of the algorithm in comparison with the original SOM.
(ProQuest: .. denotes formulae omitted.). 1. Introduction. The Self-Organizing Ma...
Over the past twenty years or so the German pension system has undergone an almost endless series of reforms. Both the time spans for the respective reform processes themselves and the time spans between the reforms have diminished progressively, and they seem to have been more easily carried out each time. While the 1992 reform, which introduced the net adjustment formula and some other changes, took about ten years of preparation, the most recent reforms have been much less problematic. These new politics of German pension reform have been marked by a change in policy style, creative opportunism on the part of the government, a deliberate strategy of experimental law-making and a striking strategy of blame avoidance. Eventually, the German pension reforms succeeded in transforming the...
The centre of a communications network is a vertex set. The distances between every vertex in the centre set and all other vertices of the network are minimal. In some cases, the centre of the network can be a path, which includes a desired number of vertices. This centre is called a path centre of the network. In this paper, we aim to find a path centre of a given network with the needed number of vertices. We give the distance measures of the network and represent an algorithm searching the path centre of the network.
(ProQuest: .. denotes formula omitted.). 1. Introduction. Graphs are useful tool...
... subsidiary efforts to change product formulations that are successfully developed by the headquarter... institutions as 'rules of the game' (North 1990). They study institutions in terms of how diverse ...
...The Gartner Group predicts it will reach $100 billion in 2011 (O'Sullivan 2008), up from $50 bil... provide direct insight into how CEO formulations of such decisions unfold over time (accordingly, o...
... estimated at over 40 billion Euro already in 1998. . Decision of the ECJ dated October 5, 2000. Wi...The Formula 1 series was granted an exceptional transition per...
A method based on the adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is presented for computing the narrow aperture dimension of the pyramidal horn. Eight optimization algorithms, least-squares, hybrid learning, Nelder-Mead, genetic, differential evolution, particle swarm, simulated annealing, and clonal selection, are used to optimally determine the design parameters of the ANFIS. The narrow aperture dimension computed by using the ANFIS is used in the optimum gain pyramidal horn design. The computed gains of the designed pyramidal horns are in a very good agreement with the desired gains. When the performances of ANFIS models are compared with each other, the best result is obtained from the ANFIS model trained by the least-squares algorithm.
(ProQuest: .. denotes formulae omitted.). 1. Introduction. The pyramidal horn is ...
(ProQuest: .. denotes formula omitted.). Vorstellung eines Dissertationsprojektees. 1. Problemstellung. (1) In der Londoner U-Bahn warnt...
In this paper, we propose a new construction method for fuzzy and weak fuzzy subsethood measures based on the aggregation of implication operators. We study the desired properties of the implication operators in order to construct these measures. We also show the relationship between fuzzy entropy and weak fuzzy subsethood measures constructed by our method.
(ProQuest: .. denotes formulae omitted.). 1. Introduction. The fuzzy sets theory ...
We look at the wealth generated for shareholders of energy assets in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) by the announcement of cross-border mergers or acquisitions involving a bidder from a Western industrialized country between 1995 and 2005. The impact on both the performance improvements at the firm level as well as on an industry and economic level of foreign ownership of the energy assets in CEE are discussed. The main driver behind the positive effect is the industrial relatedness in acquiring CEE energy assets, while bidder experience and the relative size of the acquired stake do not impact the results significantly.
(ProQuest: .. denotes formulae omitted.). 1. Introduction. To further catch up in...
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Verfassungsänderung | Piemont | Referendum | pretpark duitsland | patrimonio municipal estado de mexico | recurso de queja penal | ejercicio de la opción de compra | condições da ação legitimidade
