The system of police governance in England and Wales has been subject to a process of centralization for many decades. This development has accelerated in recent years, to the extent that although the de jure organization of policing remains based on local provincial forces, some commentators now feel that there is de facto national police force. In this paper, we outline the main contours of the institutional governance of policing in England and Wales, and discuss the main aspects of centralization that have occurred in recent decades. Although the overall picture of centralization is clear, a number of countervailing tendencies are visible that suggest the possibility of enhanced local influence. The paper concludes with a discussion of the future prospects for police organization an...
Due to the importance of external suppliers for most companies, procurement and governance management is of utmost relevance for achieving competitive advantage. Research in the field of industrial buying behaviour (IBB) has largely been influenced by transaction cost economics (TCE). However, some TCE research has been rather simplistic; not distinguishing between governance structures and mechanisms, while research in IBB has a surplus of descriptive empirical studies and a critical shortage of analytical and conceptual constructs. This paper aims to address these shortcomings by integrating IBB and TCE in a conceptual model regarding procurement and governance of transactions. The model regards the analytical choice of a suitable combination of governance mechanisms (price, trust and...
... through proper choices during the buying process, involving different types of control. 2. Review o...
...We find that the process is mediated by a governance mechanism including co...
Although firms increasingly rely on interfirm collaboration to explore new technological opportunities, few studies have examined the ways in which this collaboration form is governed. In this paper, we attempt to increase our understanding of governing explorative R&D alliances. First, we argue that explorative R&D alliances are likely to face substantial risks of opportunistic behavior and high coordination costs. second, applying insights from the alliance literature, we identify formal governance mechanisms as effective tools to mitigate the risk of opportunistic behavior as well as coordination costs. However, relying on insights from the new product development literature, we argue that such formal governance mechanisms may hamper exploring new technological opportunities....
... is a time-consuming and an expensive process that is fraught with uncertainty (March 1991). Fir...
This paper examines the social relationships in and around a German subsidiary in Hungary during the first 15 years of Hungarian transition to a market economy. It draws on a recent conceptual framework that sees multinational corporations as transnational social spaces, in which transnational communities - communities of individuals that exhibit a unique cross-national organisational identity - may emerge. Empirically investigating two basic types of cross-border social relationship in multinational corporations, the paper argues that, due to the constant interplay of crossborder management and ownership relationships, the emergence of transnational communities is a demanding process, with established communities being precarious entities.
... represent the different layers of governance to which the venture was and is subject. The paper...
... e.g., proposed that the home country's governance moderates the I-P relationship for EM MNEs and sug... and adapt home market organization and processes to foreign markets (Amsden and Hikino 1994) and ma...
... systems (Streeck 1992), and corporate governance (Aguilera and Jackson 2003). In CIA, institutions ...It aimed to investigate the processes where agency was triggered within a given institut...
... the paper proposes that among the three processes of global account management--i.e., intelligence a...Do formal contracts and relational governance function as substitutes or complements? Strategic ...
... locations distant from the firms' core processes. As has been well-documented in the business press..., which include corruption, absence of governance, and the uneven application of laws (e.g., Metters...
The financial crisis is a crisis of governance as well. In search of answers and solutions many scholars and practitioners recommend improved output control, i.e. better external incentives or even stricter regulations. Monasteries demonstrate that alternative models may be more suitable to enhance sustainable governance quality and to reduce agency problems. In the long history of monasteries, some abbots and monks were known to line their own pockets and some monasteries were undisciplined. Monasteries developed special systems to combat these excesses thus ensuring their survival over centuries. We study these features from an economic perspective. Derived from an analysis of the Benedictine monastery of Engelberg we offer three improvements of applied governance designed to reduce a...
... functioning of governance structures, processes, and incentives. Deeper general insights into appr...
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