Problems of justice, such as high managerial salaries or the introduction of minimum wages, today arouse a lot of public attention and debate. This hints at the general fact that "justice" cannot be reduced to mere efficiency questions as economists very often tend to assume. Therefore, this paper deals with opportunities to include aspects of social justice in economic analyses. The authors describe the historical development from the Aristotelian concept of justice via the medieval idea of pretium iustum towards the classical liberal approach of Adam Smith. The limits of a pure liberal concept of justice even in modern market societies are revealed which in turn indicate the necessity of an integrated approach that applies the instruments of contemporary economics, but also allows for...
... a free exchange really takes place and monopoly positions on the market are not exploited through ...the rules of justice" and that these rules are "accurate in ...
... ruled that in the present cases, the German rules do not limit games of chance in a consistent and s...
... guaranteed early entrants a virtual monopoly over the markets in the first few years. Moreover,... integration of ECE sites has changed the rules of the game, significantly raising the costs assoc...
... the first book of the Code contains many rules. Consequently the rules relating to the formation ...11 4. Unfair exercise of an economic monopoly has been considered in a considerable number of ca...
The generational properties of organization theory are an increasing topic for analysis, usually in terms of what is addressed and how it is addressed. Some writers have alerted us to the importance of those social issues that are not addressed. Combining the idea of generational scholarship with the idea of those non-issues that remain unaddressed, this paper highlights how some of the events of the Second World War, which authorities agree was a generational defining and demarcating experience, have been neglected in organization theory. Nowhere is this more clearly demonstrated than in the Holocaust. Strangely, this practical experiment in organizational design and practice seems to have elided almost all interest by organization theorists, whether functionalist or critical. The pape...
... to the authoritative interpretation of rules. In such contexts, the organization has more or leess monopoly control of its members' everyday lives. Goffman's ...
... of the MNC (problems such as 'internal monopoly', lack of trust between different divisions and su... and institutions: Redefining the rules" of the economic game (pp. 108-133). Cheltenham: E...
This paper portrays "neo-liberalism" in its original conceptual meaning as opposed to the generic term of depreciation which it is commonly used. Fair competition is identified and the denial of all privilege is declared as the major concern of neo-liberals. Ethical merit for competition might, at first sight, be based on only two principles: individual natural rights (equal liberty) and socially desirable outcomes ("unintended altruism"). It was the neo-liberal idea to put fairness-norms or universally applicable rules of just behavior between an unqualified "input-based" ethics and an unqualified "output-based" ethical consequentialism. The enforcement of such rules is a major obligation of the state. Today, the European Union assumes the role of "guardian" of competition. In a certai...
...The old doctrine had allowed "monopoly capitalism" to discredit the market economy and to...
...But at no time have the courts had a monopoly in the interpretation of the law. The influence of... for the purpose of supplementing statutory rules or facilitating the interpretation of contracts. T...
German health care policy is characterized by a paradigm shift initiated by the enactment of the Health Care Structure Act in 1992. This fundamental change is both affecting in its care structures and its financial and regulatory mechanisms. This transformation is an expression of a paradigm change in health policy initiated during the first half of the 1990s. This paradigm change in health policy increasingly favours the goal of adapting the health care system to the perceived requirements of a globalised economy at the expense of the aim of covering the social life-risk of 'sickness'. Since it began, health policy has proceeded down that chosen development path, generally by means of incremental reforms. In terms of care structures the paradigm change involves modernization and ration...
...* payment rules for practicing doctors (fee-for-service) and hos-p... being given a state-sanctioned monopoly on concluding medical care contracts with the heal...
We look at the wealth generated for shareholders of energy assets in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) by the announcement of cross-border mergers or acquisitions involving a bidder from a Western industrialized country between 1995 and 2005. The impact on both the performance improvements at the firm level as well as on an industry and economic level of foreign ownership of the energy assets in CEE are discussed. The main driver behind the positive effect is the industrial relatedness in acquiring CEE energy assets, while bidder experience and the relative size of the acquired stake do not impact the results significantly.
..., energy supply was seen as a natural monopoly requiring comprehensive regulation. From the begin... and 1998 respectively established common rules for the internal electricity markets and they prov...
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