Editorial: Interdependence Between People and Organization

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Editorial: Interdependence Between People and Organization

Management studies have always been occupied with the question regarding the interdependence between people and organization. Interdependence was the basis for the development of social systems in early management approaches, such as the Stimulus Contribution Theory by Chester Barnard (1938). Emphasis was however simultaneously placed on the organization's independence from the individual, by for instance Max Weber (1922), whose view of the organization, which he calls bureaucracy, refers to rules and structure with which the organization detaches itself from dependence on specific persons. Incidentally, this situation can be stated without creating a fundamental contradiction between these approaches. Instead, they adopt varying perspectives: the Stimulus Contribution Theory by Barnard places the emphasis on the organization's exchange with actor groups; this point of view concerns ev...

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