Do Women Want to Break the Glass Ceiling? A Study of Their Career Orientations and Gender Identity in the Netherlands**
Management Revue › Band 17 Nr. 2, April 2006
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Zusammenfassung
Career orientations, career success and perceived self-efficacy of women employees in relation to their gender identity were studied. It was hypothesized that gender identity is related to career orientations such that women with a masculine gender identity strive for more upward mobility as compared to women with a feminine gender identity, whereas the latter strive more for balancing work and private life. A masculine gender identity was furthermore predicted to be positively related to career success in terms of income and hierarchical position. Finally it was expected that women with a feminine gender identity, in comparison to those with a masculine gender identity, express a lower self-efficacy with respect to stereotypical male and gender-neutral tasks and equal self-efficacy with respect to stereotypical feminine tasks. To test the hypotheses, a questionnaire was distributed among women working for a large multinational corporation. The results provided support for the first two hypotheses. Mixed support was obtained for the third hypothesis.
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Do Women Want to Break the Glass Ceiling? A Study of Their Career Orientations and Gender Identity in the Netherlands**
Introduction
Many women have entered the labor market and occupy management positions. Only sporadically however do they reach top management and/or board positions. The phenomenon called the 'glass ceiling' (Morrison/White/Van Velsor 1987) still exists in many western countries (Powell 1999), including The Netherlands (Sociaal Cultureel Planbureau 2000). Several explanations for this phenomenon have been offered. Human capital theory for instance, states that shortcomings on the part of women (education, experience) make them less suitable for top positions. Other explanations refer to stereotyping and prejudice, the existence of a dual labor market, and, the career orientations of women themselves. This study focuses on women's career orientations. Its aim is to obtain a better understanding of women's career orientations by testing relationships between gender identity, career orientations and career success.'Career orientation' can be described as an individual's preferences, values and ideas concerning his or her career; it refers to one's career goals and ideals and the priority they have in one's life as well as the rank ordering among different goals. Derr (1988) distinguished five career...Siehe den Gesamtinhalt dieses Dokumentes
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